Meritocratic: Used to describe a type of society where wealth, income, and social status are assigned through competition. Horizontal mobility: The movement from one position to another within the same social level. Vertical mobility: Movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socioeconomic level to another, often by changing jobs or through marriage. Intragenerational Mobility: Change in social status over a single lifetime. Intergenerational Mobility: Refers to the phenomenon whereby a child attains higher or lower status than their parents. The institution of the caste system, influenced by stories of the gods in the Rig-Veda epic, assumed and reinforced the idea that lifestyles, occupations, ritual statuses, and social statuses were inherited.Movement between two equally ranked social positions is called horizontal mobility.Movement up or down the social hierarchy is called vertical social mobility.Social mobility may refer to classes, ethnic groups, or entire nations, and may measure health status, literacy, or education however, more commonly it refers to individuals or families, and to their change in income.Social mobility typically refers to vertical mobility, movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socio-economic level to another, often by changing jobs or marriage.The attributes needed to move up or down the social hierarchy are particular to each society some countries value economic gain, for example, while others prioritize religious status.A person’s ability to move between social positions depends upon their economic, cultural, human, and social capital. Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups in social position over time.Practice Exam 2 P/S Section Passage 3 Question 13 These roles and their importance, including the levels of power and significance based on patriarchy, were influenced by stories of the gods in the Rig-Veda epic.Įducational attainment, income, and psychiatric disorders The caste system in ancient India was used to establish separate classes of inhabitants based upon their social positions and employment functions in the community. Caste systems prescribe which social status was inherited developed independently in ancient societies all over the world, including the Middle East, Asia, and Africa. There are significant factors that prevent social mobility one of them is the existence of caste systems. While a meritocracy has never existed, sociologists see aspects of meritocracies in modern societies when they study the role of academic and job performance and the systems in place for evaluating and rewarding achievement in these areas. Inheritance and pressure to conform to norms, for instance, disrupt the notion of a pure meritocracy. Because of the complex structure of societies, processes like socialization, and the realities of economic systems, social standing is influenced by multiple factors-not merit alone. The concept of meritocracy is an ideal-because a society has never existed where social rank was based purely on merit. High levels of effort will lead to a high social position, and vice versa. A meritocracy is an ideal system based on the belief that social stratification is the result of personal effort-or merit-that determines social standing. For example, Western capitalist countries are generally meritocratic. Societies present different opportunities for mobility depending on their systems of value. In some instances though, social mobility is used to refer to horizontal mobility, which is the movement from one position to another within the same social level, as when someone changes between two equally prestigious occupations. Social mobility typically refers to vertical mobility, which is the movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socioeconomic level to another, often by changing jobs or through marriage. A high level of intergenerational mobility is often considered praiseworthy and can be seen as a sign of equality of opportunity in a society. Other times, social mobility is intragenerational, meaning that a person changes status within their lifetime. In some cases, social mobility is intergenerational, as when children attain a higher or lower status than their parents held. This is influenced by several factors such as wealth, health status, literacy rate, education, or other variables among groups, such as classes, ethnic groups, or countries. Social mobility typically refers to vertical mobility, movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socio-economic level to another. Social mobility is the movement of an individual or group from one social position to another over time.
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